Highest altitude by an aircraft (official)

According to Official Guinness Records,

The official FAI (Fédération Aéronautique Internationale) altitude record is 37,650 m (123,523 ft), by Alexandr Fedotov (USSR) flying a highly modified MIG-25 'Foxbat' (designated E266M) from Podmoskovnoe Aerodrome, Russia, on 31 August 1977.
The altitude was reached during a near-vertical climb. See also Highest altitude in horizontal flight.

For a complete list of 1977 records, please visit 1977 Guinness Records in Russia.

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